A Hyper Extremely Red Object in the Field near 53W002
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hyper extremely red objects (HEROs) are objects that are very red in near-IR colors ( J - K ≳ 3). They are speculated to be intrinsically red galaxies at z ≳ 2 or Lyman break galaxies at z > 10. We report the discovery of a HERO in the field that includes a known radio galaxy, 53W002, and a possible cluster of galaxies both at z = 2.39. The HERO, which we name HERO J171411.91+501541.8, or 53W002-HERO1 for brevity, is visible in the Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer H -band data and deep K '-band data from the Subaru Telescope ( K ' ≃ 21.5 mag) but not visible in B -, V -, I -, and J -band images ( J - K > 4.45, 2 σ). Its spectral energy distribution is consistent with that of a dusty star-forming or old galaxy at z ≃ 2.4, which may suggest that 53W002-HERO1 is a member of the group of galaxies associated with 53W002. Alternatively, the HERO could be at z ≃ 12.5, if its red color is due to the redshifted Lyman break. If 53W002-HERO1 is an old galaxy at z ~ 2.4, the implied stellar age is ~2-3 Gyr, meaning that stars in the HERO formed at the reionization epoch of z ≳ 10.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".