Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a growing phenomenon and a recent building solution alternative in timber construction in North America by using massive or solid wood plates as roof, floor, and wall elements. In this paper a variation of the conventional CLT is considered by studying the performance of box-based CLT systems, which refer to box beams with multiple voids. In some loading situations, such as out-of-plane bending, these systems, which can reduce structural weight without significant loss of strength or stiffness, may be structurally efficient and cost competitive. Comprehensive three-dimensional finite-element models, which can be used to analyze the mechanical behavior of such box structures, were developed. Four prototype layups, each having five replicates, were designed, manufactured in-house, and tested under symmetric four-point bending (also known as third-point loadings). The numerical analysis agreed well with experimental data in terms of vertical deflection and flexural rigidity. This paper contributes to the understanding of the structural performance of box-based CLT systems for the commercial and residential applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".