Metabolic syndrome is not associated with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, serum adiponectin and endogenous androgen concentrations in Japanese men with Type 2 diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by its association with certain cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between metabolic syndrome and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, serum adiponectin and endogenous androgen concentrations in Japanese men with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Using the 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition, we assessed the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in 424 consecutive men with Type 2 diabetes aged 40-75 years in a cross-sectional study. We compared characteristics including ultrasonographic carotid atherosclerosis markers, pulse-wave velocity (PWV), and serum adiponectin, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) concentrations in diabetic patients with and without the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Japanese men with Type 2 diabetes was 46.9%. Men with the metabolic syndrome had higher urinary albumin excretion rate than those without. Carotid intima-media thickness (0.97 +/- 0.26 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.18 mm), plaque score [3.3 (1.5-8.1) vs. 3.8 (1.3-6.2)], PWV (1818 +/- 331 vs. 1749 +/- 331 cm/s) and ankle-brachial index (1.10 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.16) did not differ significantly between patients with and without the metabolic syndrome. Similarly, serum adiponectin [3.70 (2.06-6.09) vs. 4.65 (3.09-7.02) microg/ml], free testosterone (36.4 +/- 10.7 vs. 34.7 +/- 11.1 pmol/l), and DHEA-S concentrations (3.29 +/- 1.83 vs. 3.17 +/- 1.63 micromol/l) did not differ significantly between groups, CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic syndrome, as defined by the IDF, is not significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis markers, serum adiponectin, or endogenous androgen concentrations in Japanese men with Type 2 diabetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".