Solving the <i>p</i>‐Center problem with Tabu Search and Variable Neighborhood Search
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The p ‐Center problem consists of locating p facilities and assigning clients to them in order to minimize the maximum distance between a client and the facility to which he or she is allocated. In this paper, we present a basic Variable Neighborhood Search and two Tabu Search heuristics for the p ‐Center problem without the triangle inequality. Both proposed methods use the 1‐interchange (or vertex substitution) neighborhood structure. We show how this neighborhood can be used even more efficiently than for solving the p ‐Median problem. Multistart 1‐interchange, Variable Neighborhood Search, Tabu Search, and a few early heuristics are compared on small‐ and large‐scale test problems from the literature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it