Reactions of the Cumyloxyl and Benzyloxyl Radicals with Strong Hydrogen Bond Acceptors. Large Enhancements in Hydrogen Abstraction Reactivity Determined by Substrate/Radical Hydrogen Bonding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A kinetic study on hydrogen abstraction from strong hydrogen bond acceptors such as DMSO, HMPA, and tributylphosphine oxide (TBPO) by the cumyloxyl (CumO(•)) and benzyloxyl (BnO(•)) radicals was carried out in acetonitrile. The reactions with CumO(•) were described in terms of a direct hydrogen abstraction mechanism, in line with the kinetic deuterium isotope effects, k(H)/k(D), of 2.0 and 3.1 measured for reaction of this radical with DMSO/DMSO-d(6) and HMPA/HMPA-d(18). Very large increases in reactivity were observed on going from CumO(•) to BnO(•), as evidenced by k(H)(BnO(•))/k(H)(CumO(•)) ratios of 86, 4.8 × 10(3), and 1.6 × 10(4) for the reactions with HMPA, TBPO, and DMSO, respectively. The k(H)/k(D) of 0.91 and 1.0 measured for the reactions of BnO(•) with DMSO/DMSO-d(6) and HMPA/HMPA-d(18), together with the k(H)(BnO(•))/k(H)(CumO(•)) ratios, were explained on the basis of the formation of a hydrogen-bonded prereaction complex between the benzyloxyl α-C-H and the oxygen atom of the substrates followed by hydrogen abstraction. This is supported by theoretical calculations that show the formation of relatively strong prereaction complexes. These observations confirm that in alkoxyl radical reactions specific hydrogen bond interactions can dramatically influence the hydrogen abstraction reactivity, pointing toward the important role played by structural and electronic effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".