Immunolocalization of the High‐Mobility Group N2 protein and acetylated histone H3K14 in early developing parthenogenetic bovine embryos derived from oocytes of high and low developmental competence
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated differences in the distribution of acetylated histone H3 at Lysine 14 (H3K14ac) and the High-Mobility Group N2 (HMGN2) protein in the chromatin of early- (before 24 hr) and late-cleaved (after 24 hr) bovine embryos derived from small- (1-2 mm) and large-follicles (4-8 mm). The presence of HMGN2 and H3K14ac has been associated with different nuclear functions including chromatin condensation, transcription, DNA replication and repair. In vitro matured oocytes were parthenogenetically activated (PA) and cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid medium. Early- and late-cleaved embryos were fixed at 36, 50, 60, 70 and 80 hr after PA to detect the presence of H3K14ac and HMGN2. The rates of nuclear maturation (81.1% vs. 58.7%), early cleavage (46.9% vs. 38.9%), and development to blastocyst stage (34.3% vs. 18.9%) were higher (P < 0.05) in oocytes derived from large- compared to small follicles. The proportion of positively stained nuclei at 50 and 60 hr after PA was higher for both H3K14ac (27.2% vs. 4.8% and 64.3% vs. 30%) and HMGN2 (47% vs. 21.3% and 60.6% vs. 46%) in early versus late cleaved embryos derived from small- versus large-follicles, respectively. However, the rate of positive nuclei in early-cleaved embryos from small-versus large-follicles was similar for HMGN2 (87% vs. 93%) but lower for H3K14ac (51% vs. 64.4%) at 80 hr after PA. These data suggest that less developmentally competent embryos derived from small follicles had an altered chromatin remodeling process at the early stages of development compared to those derived from large follicles that are more competent to support development to blastocyst stage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it