Disorder-induced subgap states and Majorana zero-energy edge modes in two-dimensional topological insulator-superconductor hybrid structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Contrary to the widespread belief that Majorana zero-energy modes, existing as bound edge states in two-dimensional topological insulator (TI) -superconductor (SC) hybrid structures, are unaffected by nonmagnetic static disorder by virtue of time-reversal symmetry, we show that such a protection against disorder does not exist in realistic multichannel TI/SC/ferromagnetic insulator (FI) sandwich structures of experimental relevance since the time-reversal symmetry is explicitly broken locally at the SC/FI interface where the end Majorana mode (MM) resides. We find that although the MM itself and the bulk topological superconducting phase inside the TI are indeed universally protected against disorder, extra fermionic subgap states are generically introduced at the TI edge due to the presence of the FI/SC interface as long as multiple edge channels are occupied. We discuss the important implications of our finding for the detection and manipulation of the edge MM in TI/SC/FI experimental systems of current interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".