Herpes Zoster Infection Following Solid Organ Transplantation: Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes in the Current Immunosuppressive Era
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) infection is a frequent and serious complication of organ transplantation that has not been examined in the current era of immunosuppression. All solid organ transplants performed between 1994 and 1999 (n = 869) at our center were analyzed to determine the incidence, complications and risk factors for developing HZ. The overall incidence of HZ was 8.6% (liver 5.7%, renal 7.4%, lung 15.1% and heart 16.8%). The median time of onset was 9.0 months. We observed high rates of cutaneous scarring (18.7%) and post-herpetic neuralgia (42.7%). Independent organ-specific risk factors included: female gender and mycophenolate mofetil therapy (liver), and antiviral treatment other than prolonged cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis (renal and heart). For all organs combined, induction therapy and antiviral treatment other than prolonged CMV prophylaxis were independent predictors for the development of HZ. Herpes zoster is common and results in significant morbidity for solid organ transplant recipients. Risk factors include induction therapy and antiviral drug therapy other than CMV prophylaxis. The latter variable identifies a subpopulation that is likely at increased risk of latent herpesvirus reactivation. The high first-year post-transplant incidence rate suggests immunization pretransplant, even in varicella zoster virus immunoglobulin seropositive individuals, may be preventative.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it