Two-Dimensional Shell Vibration of Microtubule in Living Cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanical behavior of a eukaryotic cell is mainly determined by its cytoskeleton. Microtubules immersed in cytosol are a central part of the cytoskeleton. Cytosol is the viscous fluid in living cells. The microtubules permanently oscillate in the cytosol. In this study, two-dimensional vibration of a single microtubule in living cell is investigated. The Donnell’s shell theory equations for orthotropic materials is used to model the microtubule whereas the motion of the cytosol is modeled as Stokes flow characterized by a small Reynolds number with no-slip condition at microtubule-cytosol interface. The stress field in the cytosol induced by vibrating microtubule is determined analytically and the coupled vibrations of the microtubule-cytoplasm system are investigated. A coupled polynomial eigenvalue problem is developed in the present study and the variations of eigenvalues of coupled system with cytosol dynamic viscosity, microtubule circumferential Young’s modulus and circumferential wave number are examined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".