Mitigation of Ferroresonance Induced by Single-Phase Opening of a Three-Phase Transformer Feeder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a practical mitigation technique for the ferroresonance induced by the single-phase primary opening of a three-phase 5-legged (wound core) station service transformer. This ferroresonance problem was causing erratic behaviour of the automatic transfer switch between the main and reserve station service transformers. A nonlinear three-phase transformer model, based on the magnetic-circuit theory, was used to reproduce and acquire a deeper understanding of the ferroresonance phenomenon. The model, validated by field measurements, allowed comparison of the effectiveness of resistive and inductive loads for reducing the voltage on the open phase. In previous literature, it has been generally recommended to use a resistive load to damp ferroresonance. This paper demonstrates that an inductive load is more effective and has the advantage of being a more energy-efficient solution. The inductive-load mitigation technique is now in service in Hydro-Québec's Deschambault substation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".