Computer Simulation Study of <i>tert</i>-Butyl Alcohol. 2. Structure in Aqueous Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MD simulations of tert -butyl alcohol (TBA), dissolved in water, are carried out. Two aqueous alcohol solutions are studied, a dilute 2 mol % and a more concentrated, 8 mol % solution. Two new potential models are used for TBA, a simple rigid three-site model and a flexible all-atom 15-site model. In solution, the flexible TBA model is dissolved with flexible SPC water molecules, while the rigid tert -butyl alcohol is simulated in rigid SPC/E water. This study principally focuses on the hydration structure around TBA and a possible self-association of TBA due to the strong amphiphilic character of this bulky molecule. In the more concentrated solutions and for both TBA models, small aggregates of a few alcohol molecules are formed spontaneously, persisting several tens of picoseconds. Tail-to-tail pairwise configurations of alcohols are preferred. In the dilute solution, little tendency to aggregation is observed during the simulation. The diffusion of the alcohols is reduced considerably as the concentration of the solution increases. Water structure is significantly enhanced upon the addition of TBA. The hydration structure of both models of TBA is markedly different from that of methanol, indicating that the steric bulk of a tert -butyl group can have large, though indirect, effect on hydrogen bonding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".