International Child Abduction in the European Union: the Solutions Incorporated by the Council Regulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper analyzes the new regulation developed in the European Union aimed at international child abductions. The Hague Convention of 25 October, 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is the instrument that authorities of the contracting States were using to decide about the restitution of the child. The main focus of this article will firstly, study how the Hague Convention of 25 October, 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is going to be put into practice with the Council Regulation (EC) N° 2201/2003; subsequently try to see which are the modifications in the new Community law in relation to the Council Regulation (EC) N° 1347/2000; and finally, we will examine the innovations included in the new Council Regulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.024 | 0.035 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".