Inhibitory Effect of Nicotine on Experimental Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The incidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is lower in smokers than in nonsmokers. Because nicotine is immunosuppressive, we hypothesized that it could have a protective effect on HP induction in vivo. HP was induced in mice that were treated with nicotine either intraperitoneally (IP) (0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg/day) or intranasally (IN) (0.025 to 2.0 mg/kg/day). Both IP- and IN-treated animals had fewer bronchoalveolar lavage total cells and lymphocytes and a decreased lung tissue inflammation. IFN-gamma but not interleukin-10 mRNA expression was reduced in lung tissue of 2.0-mg/kg IN-treated animals. To test the effect of nicotine on alveolar macrophages, AMJ2-C11 cells were treated with nicotine and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, a causative agent of HP. Nicotine reduced tumor necrosis factor release and tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression after stimulation and decreased CD80 expression by 55% in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells and by 41% in S. rectivirgula-stimulated cells. We conclude that nicotine could be, at least in part, responsible for the protection observed in smokers against HP. The inhibitory effect of nicotine on alveolar macrophages could be one of the mechanisms involved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".