Orthostatic blood pressure response, carotid intima–media thickness, and plasma fibrinogen in older nondiabetic adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although recent studies have indicated that both orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension (OHTN) independently predict cardiovascular events, the underlying mechanisms are still debatable. METHODS: A total of 700 nondiabetic adults (43% men, age 64 years) were examined by orthostatic blood pressure (BP) test, carotid artery ultrasonography, and biochemical tests including plasma fibrinogen and lipid profile. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was applied to assess association of intima-media thickness (IMT) and P-fibrinogen with orthostatic hypotension and OHTN. In addition, distribution of IMT and P-fibrinogen across quintiles of orthostatic systolic BP (SBP) response was analyzed. RESULTS: Orthostatic hypotension and OHTN were found in 40 (5.7%) and 45 (6.4%) study participants, respectively. Both IMT [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) per one-SD increment: 1.27, 1.01-1.60; P = 0.04] and P-fibrinogen (OR 1.44, 1.07-1.93; P = 0.02) were associated with orthostatic hypotension in a crude model. After adjustment relationship between orthostatic hypotension and IMT was slightly attenuated (OR 1.26, 0.96-1.65; P = 0.09) but was substantially unchanged in regard to P-fibrinogen (OR 1.45, 1.06-1.99; P = 0.02). In contrast, OHTN showed no association with either IMT or P-fibrinogen (adjusted OR 1.09, 0.78-1.52; P = 0.61, and 0.97, 0.70-1.34; P = 0.84, respectively). Distribution of IMT across quintiles of orthostatic SBP response was U-shaped, whereas that of fibrinogen was more linear but none of borderline quintiles (with pronounced hypertensive or hypotensive response) significantly differed from the middle quintiles in a fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION: In older nondiabetic adults only orthostatic hypotension seems to independently correlate with increased carotid atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".