Revisiting atomic force microscopy force spectroscopy sensitivity for single molecule studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, the rapid advances in quantitative biology and polymer science have led to the atomic force microscope (AFM) being extensively employed for single-molecule force spectroscopy. Deflection sensitivity, a critical factor in single molecule force spectroscopy, is changed due to the change in bending shape of AFM cantilever when a single molecule is attached to the AFM cantilever tip. We quantitatively study this variation in the deflection sensitivity by modeling the single molecule as an AFM tip coupled spring. We further propose correction factors for the deflection sensitivity in various cases of single molecule studies. Since many single biomolecule studies are conducted in aqueous environment, we outline and include the complications induced by the refractive index discontinuity at the air-glass-liquid medium interfaces, laser spot size, and spot location on the cantilever. Finally we present correction factor charts for easy calculation of correction factors for a wide variety of stiffness of single molecules.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".