Particle Formation and Gas/Particle Partition Measurements of the Products of the Naphthalene-OH Radical Reaction in a Smog Chamber
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of particles during the reaction of naphthalene with OH radicals in a smog chamber was followed by means of a scanning particle-sizing system and aerosol spectrometer probe. The initial formation of nucleation-sized particles (0.03-0.09 w m) quickly grew into an accumulation mode (0.1-3.0 w m) during the photolysis. A small nucleation mode component, however, persisted throughout the experiment, although the major portion of the mass is found in the accumulation mode at later stages in the reaction. Multichannel, annular, diffusion denuders have been used to determine the gas/particle partition factors for many of the observed products. While 1,4-naphthoquinone appears predominantly in the gas phase, the 1- and 2-naphthols and the nitronaphthalenes were found predominantly in the particle phase. Although 2-formylcinnamaldehyde, the most abundant product in the naphthalene-OH photolysis, was split approximately evenly between the gaseous and the particulate phases, the 2-formylcinnamic acid was found almost exclusively in the particle phase.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it