Behavioral modeling of Opamp gain and dynamic effectsfor power optimization of Delta-Sigma modulators and pipelined ADCs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a simple, yet accurate, analytical model forthe effect of opamp gain and dynamics (slew rate and bandwidth)on the transfer function of switched-capacitor (SC) amplifiers andintegrators. Furthermore, it demonstrates the detrimental effects of:a) the nonlinear variation in the opamp dc gain; and b) thefeedforward transmission of the feedback capacitor, on theharmonic distortion and settling behavior of these SC stages.Theseeffects, typically ignored in the behavioral simulations of SCstages, are analyzed and modeled. Thus, accurate behavioralsimulations of ΔΕ modulators or pipelined analog-to-digitalconverters (ADCs) can be performed in SIMULINK, using theproposed models for their SC building blocks (integrators oramplifiers). The proposed behavioral models are validated inHSPICE. Behavioral simulation examples are presented to illustratethe importance of such accurate modeling for low-power design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".