Electrical, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Polystyrene/Copper Nanowire Nanocomposites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrical, rheological, and mechanical properties of polystyrene/copper nanowire (PS/CuNW) composites at different CuNW compositions were studied. The copper nanowires were synthesized in our lab using a template-directed method with two different electrode sizes: 90 cm 2 (small scale) and 440 cm 2 (large scale). The nanocomposites were prepared using solution processing. The electrical percolation threshold of the nanocomposites occurs at a CuNW concentration between 0.50 and 1.00 vol % if the nanowires were produced on the small scale, and between 1.00 and 2.00 vol % if the nanowires were synthesized on the large scale. The dynamic rheological data at 200 °C indicate that the microstructure transition starts at 0.5% with the small-scale nanowires and at 1.1% with the large-scale nanowires, where a combined network of the polymer−nanowires, polymer−polymer, and nanowire−nanowire connections restrains the relaxation of the polymer chain. The morphological characterization by SEM and TEM reveals that the copper nanowires are dispersed in the polymer matrix both as agglomerates and as single nanowires. Tensile tests show that the Young's modulus increases, whereas the tensile strength and the elongation at break decrease, when the concentration of the nanowires increases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".