Properties of OH/IR stars with IRAS LRS spectra
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1858 OH satellite line (1612 MHz) maser sources associated with the IRAS counterparts were assembled from the literature. Cross-correlation between collected OH/IR -IRAS sources and the recent catalogue of the IRAS LRS spectra (Kwok et al. [CITE]) allows us to subdivide 1024 of them (after excluding OH sources with uncertain IRAS associations) into 10 groups according to the Volk & Cohen ([CITE]) classification scheme. We have found that sources with silicate emission form the largest group (about 57% ), followed by the group with silicate absorption (only about 16% ). For more sensitive individual OH maser surveys these numbers differentiate even more and the ratio between silicate emission and absorption sources reaches a value close to 6. Surprisingly, we found an association of OH maser emission with a small number of stars with carbon-rich atmospheres. The distribution of these subgroups of OH/IR stars in the IRAS colour-colour and the period-colour diagrams as well as histograms of some physical properties are presented. The galactic distribution of important parameters (periods, IRAS colours, expansion and stellar velocities) for different classes of OH/IR sources is analyzed from the point of view of the stars' evolutionary status. The correlations among the periods, colours, expansion and star velocities and the pumping efficiencies for selected subgroups of OH/IR stars are also investigated. These analyses allow us to demonstrate that a significant fraction of silicate emission group sources do not form an evolutionary sequence with the silicate absorption objects -as is suggested e.g. by the IRAS colour-colour diagram, but rather form a lower initial mass sequence, i.e. these sources will never develop sufficient mass loss to manifest silicate absorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".