Seismic vulnerability assessment of multi-degree-of-freedom systems based on total input energy and momentary input energy responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In energy-based seismic evaluation and design, input energy as a seismic demand parameter and hysteretic energy are two important factors. Previous studies for seismic assessment and design based on energy approach have been generally limited to single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures. The purpose of this paper is to find a suitable energy-based parameter for estimation of the damaging potential of ground motion in reinforced concrete frames of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems. In this regard, 40 common reinforced concrete frames subjected to four different earthquakes have been analyzed. The results indicate that maximum momentary input energy is a more appropriate parameter than maximum total input energy for estimation of structural damage in short-duration earthquakes or those in which the major damage to structures happens within a short duration of ground motion. In addition, in earthquakes with a wide frequency range, the predominant period of ground motion in Fourier spectrum is shown to be the period corresponding to maximum input energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".