Bibliographic record
Abstract
A conceptual model for growth and decay of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet has evolved over 100 years of Quaternary research in British Columbia. Physiography and location relative to prevailing westerly winds were the main factors controlling the style of glacier build up. The pattern of decay was controlled mainly by physiography. With cooling at the beginning of glaciation, mountain glaciers expanded to become valley glaciers and eventually coalesced on adjacent plateaus or shelves to form an ice sheet. At glacial maximum, this sheet extended from the western margin of the continental shelf to the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains and from the Columbia Plateau to the central Yukon. The central (highest) part of the ice sheet was hemmed in by mountains, consequently, snowline had to rise nearly to its present elevation before shrinking of the central core could begin. This meant that mountain glaciers which initiated growth of the ice sheet were reduced to near their present dimensions before significant recession could take place in the core area of the ice sheet. As a consequence, large ice masses in the interior of British Columbia stagnated and then shrank to remnants occupying major valleys and eventually were reduced to dead ice blocks buried in glacial debris. This pattern of retreat contrasts with that of ice masses centred on mountain blocks, such as the Alps, where rising of the snowline resulted in recession of ice cap margins back towards original accumulation areas in the central core of the mountains.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".