Influence of External Coagulant Water Types on the Performances of PES Ultrafiltration Membranes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to research the influence of cluster structure on the performances of membranes prepared through immersion precipitation phase inversion technique when water was used as external coagulant, in this paper, two types of water were prepared from distilled water and were used as external coagulant at room temperature. One type (water I) was prepared from boiled distilled water and another type (water II) was prepared from ice. Six polyethersulfone membranes were prepared by using polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive. Pure water flux, permeation flux of BSA solution and rejection to bovine serum albumin of the membranes were investigated. It was found that according to the statistically experimental results, the membranes prepared in water II always had larger pure water flux, permeation flux of BSA solution, rejection and swelling ratio than the membranes prepared in water I. Consequently, the types of water external coagulant had some influences on the separation performances of the prepared membranes but had no effects on the surface chemical groups. However, the present morphology characterization technology, such as SEM couldn’t detect the tiny difference in the pore structures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it