The influence of <i>Monocystis</i> sp. infection on growth and mating behaviour of the earthworm <i>Lumbricus terrestris</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parasites are capable of behavioural manipulation of their hosts in an effort to complete their life cycle and thus increase their fitness at a cost to the host. Hosts are therefore expected to exhibit mate choice decisions that serve to minimize either their own infection risk or that of their offspring using biological cues as criteria. Skin colour could be one such cue. Lumbricus terrestris is heavily parasitized by the protozoan Monocystis sp.; although infection levels can be highly variable, field samples containing 100% infected individuals are common. We observed earthworms, in pairs, for 4 weeks and recorded growth, copulation number, skin colour, and parasite load. The following predictions were made: (i) growth and copulation frequency should decrease with parasite load and (ii) parasite load correlates with skin colour. Contrary to our expectation, neither growth rate nor copulation number correlated with parasite load, yet skin colour did correlate significantly with parasite load. Mature and subadult individuals were also found to differ significantly in degree of infection. These findings suggest a parasite with a low short-term fitness effect on its host.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".