Meeting the Challenge to Extend Success at the Pikes Peak Steam Project to Areas with Bottom Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper provides a field review of the Pikes Peak steam project, showing key performance indicators of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) and steam drive in non-bottom water. To test development over relatively thin bottom water (less than 5 meters), various steam processes were field trialed. Field pilot results from vertical well CSS, dual horizontal well gravity drainage, and a combination of vertical injectors-horizontal well producer are presented for comparison. Based on field experience and numerical simulation input, CSS has been successfully conducted with economic steam-oil ratios (SOR) in areas with up to 4 meters of bottom water by injecting significantly larger steam slugs in what is termed a drive, block and drain process. In thicker bottom water, the ability to operate at constant pressure to prevent bottom water influx confers an advantage to the horizontal well approach. Followup field scale developments of some bottom water areas are described. Numerical simulation results indicate that pressuring up of a depleted steamflooded zone to be an optimum strategy for maximizing offset flank recovery. This is being implemented in the field by re-injecting produced vent gases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".