Comprehensive Transmission Distance Protection Settings Using an Intelligent-Based Analysis of Events and Consequences
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces a new methodology for settings of transmission system distance protection based on an intelligent analysis of events and their consequences. The output of the proposed methodology is comprehensive distance relay settings which include not only the zone reaches and zone time delays, as in the existing approaches, but also the optimal impedance operating characteristics, the fault detection settings, and the required relay sensitivities in terms of voltage and current. The need for this methodology is the result of the increased complexity of interconnected power systems protected with a large number of relays with different relay technologies, such as electromechanical, static, and numerical as well as diversity in their operating algorithms. The relay settings are automatically updated after every major change in the state of the network topology. Since it is not possible to include all design details of the proposed system, sample design events and rules are given to illustrate the proposed methodology.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it