Bibliographic record
Abstract
M enopause in women is a distinct clinical entity with clear signs and symptoms.It is a normal and natural event that usually occurs in women in their fourth and fifth decades of life.Ovarian function ceases, resulting in a significant diminution in estrogen production, anovulation and the cessation of menses.During the perimenopausal period, women may have physical symptoms, such as hot flushes and decreased vaginal secretions, and they may also experience dysphoria.The incidence of major depression is also increased during the perimenopausal period.Estrogen supplements may decrease dysphoria and can potentiate the effect of antidepressants in major depression.Andropause is less well-recognized as a clear syndrome in aging men.Unlike menopause in women, men may remain fertile even during their seventh and eighth decades of life.Also, unlike the rapid decreases in hormonal levels in women that occur during menopause, total testosterone levels in men remain more stable over the years.However, finer analysis shows that the active fraction of testosterone (bioavailable testosterone) decreases progressively after age 40 years.Thus, andropause does not have the same connotation as menopause because hormonal secretions continue.The World Health Organization recognizes the existence of a clinical syndrome characterized by a partial androgen deficiency in aging males.Thus, the physical and emotional effects of declining hormone secretion in men are less dramatic and less obvious than those experienced by women.However, in aging men, the syndrome of andropause develops progressively, and may consist of physical, sexual
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.033 | 0.028 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".