A low-power, small-area voltage reference array for a wafer-scale prototyping platform
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A programmable voltage reference used in an advanced wafer-scale hierarchical voltage regulation circuit is presented. The novel arborescence structure of the voltage regulation system is described and the requirements for the voltage reference derived. The proposed programmable voltage reference is based on beta-multiplier architecture, implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS technology with a very small area of 0.0014 mm2. It provides several output voltage references between 1.0 and 2.5 V from an input voltage between 3.0 and 4 V. The overall divergence is less than 10 % from desired output levels, which makes the use of a complete bandgap non-essential for our application. We gave priority to fit in the small allowed area with limited power consumption. The total power consumption of the whole voltage reference module is 386 μW and its static power consumption drops to 0.66 nW when turned off.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".