Channeling during settling and self-weight consolidation of cohesive sediments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a part of the settling and self-weight consolidation of fine-grained materials, a common but not widely recognized phenomenon randomly occurs, namely channeling or the formation of narrow vertical paths or “channels.” Channel formation can have important effects on the microstructure, consolidation, and shear strength characteristics of newly formed sediments. However, only a few studies have been performed on channeling. The causes of channel formation and the factors affecting it are still not fully understood. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of channel formation during settling and self-weight consolidation in fine-grained materials. Four types of fine-grained materials and different slurry concentrations were tested using large and small settling columns, and channel formation was observed using a high-resolution digital camera. The results indicate that the primary mechanism for channel formation is the coalescence of small-scale discontinuities between clusters of soil particles formed by flocculation. The stronger the degree of flocculation, the more prevalent is the formation of channels. Pore pressure measurements show the effects of channels in dissipating excess pore pressures in sediments undergoing self-weight consolidation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".