A wideband 90º continuous phase shifter for 60GHz phased array transceiver in 90nm CMOS technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a wideband reflective-type phase-shifter in 90nm CMOS technology. The proposed phase shifter, employs a broadside coupler in the multi-layer metal structure in CMOS technology to attain 3-dB coupling at coupled and through ports where the phase difference between these two ports is 90º. The reflective load contains a NMOS CMOS varactor with a tuning ratio of 3. Applying a 0–1 V DC tuning voltage, the overall phase shifter provides 0–87º continuous phase shift, where the insertion loss of the phase shifter alters between 4.5–8 dB at the frequency range of 50–65 GHz and occupies chip area of 0.3×0.25mm2. The overall phase shift achieved by this design can be extended to 180 and 360 degree.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".