TRANSNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: TOWARD A UNIFYING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper seeks to develop a unifying analytical framework to advance the study of Transnational Entrepreneurship (TE), which refers to the processes of creating and growing new business ventures across national boundaries by social actors. We first examine relevant research literatures and theoretical perspectives and identify the limitations of each in analyzing the process of TE. We then introduce a new theoretical lens for studying TE that is grounded in the theory of practice and the concept of “habitus”, which refers to aspects of culture that are anchored in the body of daily practices of individuals, groups, societies, and nations. Our proposed analytical framework views TE as a social realm of immigrants who operate in a complex, cross-national habitus, consisting of dual cultural, institutional and economic features from which actors can formulate their entrepreneurial strategies of action. We show how this framework integrates perspectives that focus on actors' motivation and behavior, cultural values and norms, institutional fields, political meaning and consequences, and social capital and network formation. We conclude by developing theoretical propositions and recommendations for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".