Thermal Evolution of the Structure and Activity of Magnetron-Sputtered TM–C–N (TM=Fe, Co) Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thin-film libraries of TM x C 1 − x − y N y ( TM = Fe , Co ; 0 < x < 0.09 ; 0 < y < 0.5 ) have been prepared by combinatorial sputter deposition. The libraries were subsequently annealed at 700 – 1000 ° C to induce structural and compositional changes. Using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, structural changes were followed as a function of annealing temperature. At temperatures above 700 ° C , the previously homogeneous and amorphous thin films became a heterogeneous mixture of (partially) graphitized nitrogen-containing carbon and either Fe 3 C or β - Co . The onset of this transformation is accompanied by a rapid decrease in N content and occurs as a function of both transition metal content and temperature. Catalytic activity for oxygen reduction is at its maximum partway through this transformation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".