Bibliographic record
Abstract
A spirin is a trade name, owned by Bayer, for acetylsal-icylic acid (ASA). Although this name is considered generic in many countries, such as the United States, it is not in Canada. It was synthesized as early as 1853 by the French chemist, Charles Gerhardt, but the first synthesis using salicin derived from willow leaves is usually attributed to Felix Hoffmann at Bayer in Germany in 1897.1,2 There is contro-versy, however, as to whether Arthur Eichengrun actually did the work at Bayer. Its basic mechanism of action was discovered by Vane, Bergstrom, and Samuelsson in the 1970s, which resulted in their obtaining a Nobel prize in 1982. ASA, like most drugs, has several actions, but its most well characterized is that it irreversibly acetylates cyclooxy-genase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2, also known as prostaglandin H synthases 1 and 2.3 These enzymes convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H, which is the first step in biochemical
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".