Repopulation of the shallow subtidal zone by green sea urchins (<i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i>) following mass mortality in Nova Scotia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Repopulation by green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis of a steeply sloping rock bottom was monitored at a wave-exposed headland (Chebucto Head) following a disease outbreak that caused mass mortality in September 1999. Density and size of urchins were sampled in four depth strata: at 8–10 m in an urchin grazing aggregation (front) along the lower margin of a kelp bed, at 12 m and 16 m on a bedrock ramp, and at 24 m on a cobble and boulder field where urchins were unaffected by the disease. Shoreward migration of adults along the ramp from the surviving population at 24 m was the primary means of repopulation, which was augmented by recruitment via planktonic larvae. At 16 m, urchin density stabilized (at ∼50 urchins m−2) within six months of the die-off while repopulation at 12 m took more than eight months. A grazing front of large urchins (40–60 mm, test diameter) had formed along the lower edge of a kelp bed by January 2002, which reached densities of up to 284 urchins m−2. Video surveys at Chebucto Head and two adjacent locations of similar bathymetry revealed an extensive urchin population between 25 and 55 m depth, with a mean density on rocky substrata of 73 urchins m−2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".