Determining the Impact of the AM-Mycorrhizosphere on “Dwarf” Sunflower Zn Uptake and Soil-Zn Bioavailability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An in vivo compartmental pot greenhouse experiment involving “dwarf” sunflower and an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus was designed to assess the contribution of non-AM roots (rhizosphere), AM roots and extraradical hyphae (mycorrhizosphere), or strictly extraradical hyphae (hyphosphere) on plant growth, plant metal uptake, and soil parameters using the micronutrient zinc (Zn) as a typical metal contaminant. We observed that, at high soil-Zn concentrations, the mycorrhizosphere treatments had lower Zn concentrations (especially in shoots and flowers) and a lower incidence of leaf chlorosis than the rhizosphere treatments. These phytoprotective effects are believed to be related to AM-induced biosorption processes that reduce soil metal bioavailability to delay the onset of plant metal toxicity. We also observed that the presence of extraradical hyphae causes a slight alkalinisation of the proximal soil environment whereas roots tended to acidify it, this having significant consequences toward metal bioavailability. Altogether, the AM symbiosis is considered to be a key component of ecosystem function involved in buffering plant growth conditions due to the processes of metal biosorption and hyphal alkalinisation which could contribute in enhancing the soil's resiliency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".