A high figure of merit and area-efficient low-voltage (0.7-1 V) 12 GHz CMOS VCO
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design and experimental results of an area-efficient LC-based voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) which can operate from a supply voltage as low as 0.7 V (2 mW in power), while being suitable for RF applications. A transformer coupling technique is used to reduce the required silicon area by more than a factor of two, compared to earlier designs, while reducing the phase noise. A VCO occupying a 0.24 mm/sup 2/ of area was fabricated in a standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process. With a 1 V supply, the 12 GHz VCO consumes 7.7 mW with a measured phase noise of -102.2 dBc/Hz at a 600 kHz offset. A tuning range of 400 MHz is achieved without using varactors. The VCO has an excellent figure of merit (FOM) of -183.4 dBc/Hz, compared to recent designs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it