Adaptive multiply size group method for CFD‐population balance modelling of polydisperse flows
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An adaptive discretization for population balance equations is presented. The method is combined with the multiphase CFD code STAR‐CCM+ of CD‐adapco. In order to account for the multidisperse nature of the flow the dispersed phase is split into M size groups; from the modelling point of view each group is a separate phase in every aspect but the name. The groups move with their own velocities and exchange mass, momentum, and energy with other groups and with the continuous phase. Size of a group is not prescribed a priori, but calculated from an additional scalar equation. A special procedure is designed to ensure that at each point all groups have the same volume fractions. As the particle sizes change due to coagulation and breakup, the discretization of the phase space adjusts itself to the new size distribution. Few groups suffice to predict the mean characteristics of the flow.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it