Effects of saline water and temperature on surface properties of HTV silicone rubber
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study of the loss of hydrophobicity of high temperature vulcanized (HTV) silicone rubber (SIR) after immersion in saline solutions as a function of time (0 to 3000 h) at different temperatures is reported. The hydrophobicity is determined by measuring the static contact thetas between the tangent to the droplet of distilled water and the horizontal surface of the HTV SIR. The conductivity of the saline solution was varied from 0.005 to 100 mS/cm and the temperature from 0 to 98°C during immersion. The contact angle decreased from the original value of 100±4.6deg to low value of 15deg after 3000 h of immersion at 98°C in a solution of 0.005 mS/cm. The lower the conductivity, the larger was the decrease in the contact angle. The changes in the weight of the HTV SIR due to the uptake of water and the average surface roughness (ASR) are determined during the immersion. The increase/decrease in the weight and surface roughness of the HTV SIR are correlated with the contact angle and hence with the loss of hydrophobicity. The surface free energies Γsd, Γshand Γs, the interfacial energy of HTV SIR and water Γsl, and the energy of adhesion Wsiof water on HTV SIR are determined as a function of time during the immersion and related to the loss of hydrophobicity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".