TERRESTRIAL EVIDENCE OF MELTING OF THE ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET DURING THE LAST GLACIAL PERIOD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents subaerial geomorphological evidences of significant melting of the Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial period.Interpretation is based on glacial geomorphic features observed in the southern ice-free areas along the Sôya Coast, Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica.Examples include glacial sculptured bedforms, glacio-fluvial landforms and subglacial till.Sculptured bedforms are composed of mammilated peaks, streamlined hillocks, and a variety of s-forms.The subglacial meltwater erosion model possibly best explains these forms and the absence of drift on the ice-free areas along the coast.Several fluvial valleys are more or less U-shaped with the lowest part of their cros-sections cut down showing a V-shape.Fluvial terraces are composed of large boulders.Huge amount of running water explain these features.The most notable till, containing a lot of oblique and bed-parallel shear planes, may have originated from subglacial meltout and deformation processes indicating a wet-based ice sheet.The North Atlantic sediment record demonstrates that much icerafted debris have occurred during the last glacial period as a succession of Heinrich events.This points to surges of the Hudson Strait ice stream discharging extreme volume of icebergs from the Laurentide ice sheet.Similar processes probably took place in Antarctica during the last glacial period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".