Recent Advances in Research on Radiofrequency Fields and Health: 2001–2003
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The widespread use of wireless telecommunications devices, particularly mobile phones, has resulted in increased human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields. Although national and international agencies have established safety guidelines for exposure to RF fields, concerns remain about the potential for adverse health outcomes to occur in relation to RF field exposure. The extensive literature on RF fields and health has been reviewed by a number of authorities, including the Royal Society of Canada (1999) Royal Society of Canada. A review of the potential health risks of radiofrequency fields from wireless telecommunication devices.. Expert Panel Report, Publication No. RSC. EPR 99-1. 1999. Ottawa, Canada. [Google Scholar], the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity, and the Environment (CSTEE, 2001), the British Medical Association (2001) British Medical Association: Board of Science and Education. 2001. Mobile phones and health: An interim report, London: BMA Publications Unit. [Google Scholar], the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (Boice & McLaughlin, 2002), and the Health Council of the Netherlands (2002) Health Council of the Netherlands. Mobile phones: An evaluation of health effects., Publication no. 2002/01E. Health Council of the Netherlands, The Hague 2002 [Google Scholar]. This report provides an update on recent research results on the potential health risks of RF fields since the publication of the Royal Society of Canada report in 1999 (See Krewski et al., 2001a Krewski, D., Byus, C. V., Glickman, B. W., Lotz, W. G., Mandeville, R., McBride, M. L., Prato, F. S. and Weaver, D. F. 2001a. Potential health risks of radiofrequency fields from wireless telecommunication devices. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B, 4: 1–143. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and our previous 2001 update (Krewski et al., 2001b Krewski, D., Byus, C. V., Glickman, B. W., Lotz, W. G., Mandeville, R., McBride, M. L., Prato, F. S. and Weaver, D. F. 2001b. Recent advances in research on radiofrequency fields and health. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B, 4: 145–149. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), covering the period 2001–2003. The present report examines new data on dosimetry and exposure assessment, biological effects such as enzyme induction, and toxicological effects, including genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and testicular and reproductive outcomes. Epidemiological studies of mobile phone users and occupationally exposed populations are examined, along with human and animal studies of neurological and behavioral effects. All of the authoritative reviews completed within the last 2 yr have concluded that there is no clear evidence of adverse health effects associated with RF fields. However, following a recent review of nine epidemiological studies of mobile phones and cancer, Kundi et al. (2004) Kundi, M., Mild, K., Hardell, L. and Mattsson, M. O. 2004. Mobile telephones and cancer—A review of the epidemiological evidence. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B, 7: 351–384. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] concluded that the possibility of an enhanced cancer risk cannot be excluded. These same reviews support the need for further research to clarify the possible associations between RF fields and adverse health outcomes that have appeared in some reports. The results of the ongoing World Health Organization (WHO) study of mobile phones will provide important new information in this regard.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.015 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".