All-Optical Multihop Free-Space Optical Communication Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
All-optical relaying techniques are proposed to improve the error performance and overall distance coverage of free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. An all-optical amplify-and-forward (OAF) relaying technique is presented where the received optical field is amplified at each relay. A novel channel model is developed including field distributions and weak turbulence. Simulation results indicate that OAF significantly enhances the BER performance, but is severely degraded by background light. In order to remove the impact of background noise, an optical regenerate-and-forward (ORF) relaying technique is also presented. At a bit rate of 10 Gbps, using two equally-spaced OAF relays under a turbulence-free atmospheric condition increases the total communicating distance by 0.9 km over direct transmission at a BER of 10-5, while using two ORF relays provides an additional gain in range of 1.9 km. In general, replacing OAF relays by ORF relays extends the total communicating distance at a cost of implementation complexity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".