Vapor generation coupled with furnace atomization plasma emission spectrometry for detection of mercury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A low power atmospheric pressure plasma source, furnace atomization plasma emission spectrometry (FAPES), was directly coupled to both a conventional chemical vapor generation system based on use of tin chloride reductant as well as a UV-photoreduction system for detection of cold vapor mercury. The resonance line emission at 253.7 nm was monitored. The 70 W low power He plasma was tolerant to the introduction of water vapor from the gas–liquid separator and, with the furnace heated to 400 °C, a precision of measurement of 2.4% RSD at 1 ng mL−1 was achieved. A limit of detection of 250 pg mL−1Hg in river water samples via UV-photoreduction and 240 pg mL−1 using conventional tin chloride reduction was obtained. The LOD could be improved 5-fold through use of a simple gold amalgamation system. Conventional chemical generation of mercury using the NaBH4/HCl system produced too much hydrogen to permit efficient coupling to the FAPES source as the He plasma is extinguished by the load of molecular vapor (i.e., hydrogen).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".