Automatic Identification of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) Varieties Based on Leaf
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Currently, the traditional method used to identify Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) varieties require the plant taxonomists to observe and examine the leaf morphology of herbarium or live specimens. An automated variety identification system would ease the herbs collector to carry out valuable plant identification work. In this paper, a model for F. deltoidea varieties identification based on their leaf shape, color and texture was developed. Five different varieties of F. deltoidea were used in the proposed work with sixty nine sample data collected for each of varieties. First, the F. deltoidea leaves were plucked and the picture of leaves is then taken by a digital scanner in the format of JPEG. For leaf shape, a total of fourteen shape features were extracted based on basic geometric features. The mean of different color channels was calculated in leaf color feature extraction. Furthermore, four texture features based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix was implemented to extract leaf texture properties. By using the leaf structure, a set of three different leaf properties which are leaf shape, color and texture features was extracted. The features weight is then calculated using eigenvalues coefficient in principal component analysis. The best principal components are retained for identification experiments. Lastly, Nearest Neighbor with Euclidean distance was used in variety identification based on three different leaf properties mentioned above. The effectiveness of different leaf features are demonstrated in the identification experiment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".