The effect of γ-tocotrienol on human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Vitamin E is known to have antioxidant activity and there are eight different forms of Vitamin E (α,β,γ and δ tocopherol and tocotrienol). Clinical trials using tocopherol supplementation for patients with asthma to assess impact of antioxidant activity have yielded equivocal results. Of note, the tocotrienol form of vitamin E has greater antioxidant activity than tocopherol, this manifest through several biological effects in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, we tested the effect of tocotrienol on human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell growth and migration, which play an important role in airway remodeling in asthma. Methods: We measured PDGF-BB-induced ASM cell proliferation using colorimetric assay by Cell counting kit-8 and ASM cell migration by transwell migration assay. We also assessed the effect of γ-tocotrienol (an isoform of tocotrienol), on ASM cell proliferation and migration. Results: PDGF-BB-induced ASM cell proliferation and migration was significantly inhibited by γ-tocotrienol. This effect was associated with an inhibition of RhoA activation, but had no impact on activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or Akt1. In follow up studies we confirmed that pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase activity was sufficient to inhibit ASM cell proliferation and migration induced by PDGF-BB. Conclusion: These results indicate that γ-tocotrienol could have therapeutic effects related to airway remodeling in asthma by inhibiting human ASM cell proliferation and migration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".