Pulse position amplitude modulation for time-hopping multiple access UWB communications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new modulation scheme called pulse amplitude position modulation (PPAM) for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems. PPAM combines pulse position modulation (PPM) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) to provide good system performance and low computational complexity. A set of MN-ary, M=2/sup k/, N=2/sup N/. PPAM signals are constructed from N-ary orthogonal PPM signals by including M-ary PAM signals in each dimension. It is shown that MN-ary PPAM has better performance than MN-ary PAM and less complexity than MN-ary PPM for MN>2. The channel capacity of PPAM is determined for a time-hopping multiple access UWB communication system. The error probability and performance bounds are derived for a multiuser environment. In particular, it is shown that for M=2. 2N-ary PPAM signals have better performance than 2N-ary PPM with the same throughput and half the computational complexity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".