Efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine in elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder: a pooled analysis of four randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine in elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS: Acute-phase data from a subset of patients (>or=65 years) with GAD were pooled from four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of duloxetine (3 flexible, 1 fixed dosing). Patients were treated with duloxetine 60-120 mg once daily or placebo for 9-10 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the mean baseline-to-endpoint change in Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) total score. Secondary measures included the HAMA psychic and somatic anxiety subscales and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: Of 1491 patients randomly assigned to treatment, 4.9% (duloxetine, n = 45; placebo, n = 28) were >or= 65 years old. Compared with placebo-treated patients, duloxetine-treated patients experienced significantly greater improvements on the HAMA-total (p = 0.029), the HAMA-psychic anxiety factor (p = 0.034), HADS-anxiety (p = 0.049) and -depression scales (p = 0.026), but not the HAMA somatic anxiety factor (p = 0.074). Nausea was reported significantly more often in duloxetine-treated patients (30.0% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.023); duloxetine-treated patients experienced greater weight loss (p = 0.018). More duloxetine-treated patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event (22.2% vs. 0%; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Duloxetine was effective in an elderly patient subset with GAD, although there was a high rate of discontinuations due to adverse events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".