Acoustic Doppler current profiler observations of herring movement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Observations were made of over-wintering (December 1997) and migrating (January 1998) Norwegian, spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus) using a moored 307 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The location of herring in ADCP data is identified by regions of volume-backscatter strength greater than −60 dB re 1 m−1. The presence of herring was verified using net trawls and 38 kHz, EK500 data. While the ADCP cannot make speed measurements of individual fish, the system does provide a measure of the swimming speed and direction of large herring schools. Herring were observed to move both horizontally and vertically: horizontal speeds were from 0 to 50 cm s−1. Higher speeds were observed during daylight hours for both deployments with somewhat increased activity at both dawn and dusk. At night-time, over-wintering herring demonstrated no well-defined velocity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".