Laboratory assessment of electro-osmotic stabilization of soft clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The application of electro-osmosis (EO) for stabilizing soft clays is receiving more attention in geotechnical engineering. When the application of traditional ground improvement techniques, such as surcharge, pre-loading, wick drains, and vacuum pre-loading, is not appropriate for a particular situation, innovative techniques such as electro-osmosis need to be considered. Although the effectiveness of electro-osmosis has been widely demonstrated in many field applications, geotechnical engineers are still hesitant to apply electro-osmosis due to unknown effects such as electro-chemical changes, which could not be accounted for in the design. This paper presents a design of an electro-osmotic triaxial testing apparatus suitable for electro-osmotic treatment of soft clays and for measuring electro-osmotic permeability and generated pore-water pressure, as well as a testing procedure that accounts for the contribution of electro-chemical changes in the improvement of soil properties. A series of electro-osmotic triaxial tests with various initial stresses and boundary conditions were conducted and the results are presented in the paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".