EARLY RADIO AND X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE YOUNGEST NEARBY TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PTF 11kly (SN 2011fe)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On 2011 August 24 (UT) the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) discovered PTF11kly (SN 2011fe), the youngest \nand most nearby Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) in decades. We followed this event up in the radio (centimeter and \nmillimeter bands) and X-ray bands, starting about a day after the estimated explosion time.We present our analysis \nof the radio and X-ray observations, yielding the tightest constraints yet placed on the pre-explosion mass-loss rate \nfrom the progenitor system of this supernova. We find a robust limit of Ṁ ≾ 10^(−8)(w/100 km s^(−1))M_☉ yr^(−1) from \nsensitive X-ray non-detections, as well as a similar limit from radio data, which depends, however, on assumptions \nabout microphysical parameters. We discuss our results in the context of single-degenerate models for SNe Ia and \nfind that our observations modestly disfavor symbiotic progenitor models involving a red giant donor, but cannot \nconstrain systems accreting from main-sequence or sub-giant stars, including the popular supersoft channel. In \nview of the proximity of PTF11kly and the sensitivity of our prompt observations, we would have to wait for a long \ntime (a decade or longer) in order to more meaningfully probe the circumstellar matter of SNe Ia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".