Parasitism of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Spring Wheat (Poaceae) in Southern Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Six species of Hymenoptera were found as parasitoids of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), in the Red River Valley of Manitoba in 2003-2005. These parasitoids were the main cause of pupal mortality. Platygaster hiemalis Forbes and a Homoporus spp. mostly parasitized only first generation Hessian flies. Pediobius eubius (Walker), Aprostocetus zosimus (Walker), Trichomalopsis americana (Gahan), and Panstenon poaphilum Heydon mostly attacked second generation flies. All parasitoid species appeared to be univoltine on the Hessian fly. In 2003-2005, 18-28% of first genera tion flies and 73-79% of the second generation were parasitized in experimental plots. Parasitism of second generation flies in commercial fields in 2005 was 68-85%. Platygaster hiemalis was the most abundant parasitoid of the first generation and P. eubius of second generation flies. The prevalence of P. eubius was greater than the total of all other parasitoid species at all sites in all years. About 25% of adult parasitoids emerged in August after completing one generation in Hessian flies. This late season emergence occurred for all six species, but was least likely for P. hiemalis. A further 15-35% of all parasitoids died as larvae or pupae. This study is the first documented record of P. eubius attacking the Hessian fly in Canada, of A. zosimus in Manitoba, and of P. poaphilum parasitizing the Hessian fly. Ten species of Hymenoptera are now known to parasitize the Hessian fly in Manitoba.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".