Determination of the origin of the cold-adapted populations of barnyard grass (<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>) in eastern North America: a total-evidence approach using RAPD DNA and DNA sequences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This survey attempts to establish the origin of cold-adapted populations of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) in North America using molecular techniques, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and two types of sequences: chloroplast intron (trnL (UAA)) and rDNA nuclear spacer (ITS 1). There exists many possible scenarios to explain the origin of E. crus-galli in eastern Canada (Quebec), but we dwelled on two particular hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive. The first hypothesis stipulates that the populations originated only from Europe, whereas the second implies that native subtropical and warm-temperate populations migrated from the south towards northern regions. To assess the likelihood of these hypotheses, the genetic distance matrices obtained from RAPD markers, nuclear, and chloroplastic sequences were combined and tested against the competing models. A principal coordinate analysis was used to discriminate among populations sampled from three different regions...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".